ASTM C146-94a(2014) PDF

1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of glass sands. They are useful for either high-silica sands (99 % + silica (SiO2)) or for high-alumina sands containing as much as 12 to 13 % alumina (Al2O3). Generally nonclassical, the test methods are rapid and accurate. They include the determination of silica and of total R2O3  (see 11.2.4), and the separate determination of total iron as iron oxide (Fe2O3), titania (TiO2), chromium oxide (Cr2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), and ignition loss. Included are procedures for the alkaline earths and alkalies. High-alumina sands may contain as much as 5 to 6 % total alkalies and alkaline earths. It is recommended that the alkalies be determined by flame photometry and the alkaline earths by absorption spectrophotometry.

1.2 These test methods, if followed in detail, will provide interlaboratory agreement of results.

Note 1: For additional information, see Test Methods C169 and Practices E50.

1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:

Procedures for Referee Analysis:

Section

 Silica (SiO2)-Double Dehydration

10

 Total R2O3-Gravimetric

11

 Fe2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, Cr2O3, by Photometric Methods and
  Al2O3 by Complexiometric Titration

12 - 17

 Preparation of the Sample for Determination of Iron
  Oxide, Titania, Alumina, and Zirconia

12

 Iron Oxide (as Fe2O3) by 1,10-Phenanthroline Method

13

 Titania (TiO2) by the Tiron Method

14

 Alumina (Al2O3) by the CDTA Titration Method

15

 Zirconia (ZrO2) by the Pyrocatechol Violet Method

16

 Chromium Oxide (Cr2O3) by the 1,5-Diphenylcarbo-
  hydrazide Method

17

Procedures for Routine Analysis:

 Silica (SiO2)-Single Dehydration

19

 Al2O3, CaO, and MgO-Atomic Absorption Spec-
  trophotometry

20-25

 Na2O and K2O-Flame Emission Spectrophotometry

26-27

 Loss on Ignition (LOI)

28

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.