AWS C4.4/C4.4M PDF

This publication describes some causes of distortion and corrective actions through the use of heat. It also describes some heat shaping techniques and the direction of movement expected in the heated metal. Equations are provided to aid in estimating the amount of movement for a given heating technique. The methods discussed are specifically applicable to ferrous metals (e.g., ASTM A36, A571, and Type 304). For a more comprehensive description of specific applications, see Annex A, Informative References.

Although this recommended practice is not written with mandatory requirements, mandatory language, such as the use of “shall,” will be found in those portions of the document where failure to follow the instructions or procedures could produce inferior, misleading or unsafe results.