Membranes can fit in a variety of applications. They can be used post-filtration
as a final polishing step; they can be used to replace existing gravity filters; and,
depending on raw water quality, they can be used in lieu of an entire
conventional treatment facility. The evaluation of the best membrane application
for a specific water system is a balance of costs vs. risk tolerance.
A number of water treatment facilities across the United States are facing facility
upgrades and low-pressure membranes will undoubtedly be one of the many
options considered. A number of site-specific issues must be addressed at
individual facilities, and, to date, little industry guidance is available to public
water systems when considering membrane technology and its most cost-effective
application point. This paper highlights some of the
issues that should be addressed, which are based on a real-life example recently
experienced in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 260 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 7 |
| Published : | 06/15/2003 |
