The impact of hydraulic retention time (HRT) for flocculation was examined with respect
to its impact on fouling of immersed ultrafiltration membranes. Surface water from Lake
Ontario, Canada was coagulated using polyaluminum chloride (PACl), aluminum
sulphate (alum) and ferric chloride. Each source of coagulated water was sent to multiple
flocculation tanks with different hydraulic retention times varying from 0-25 minutes.
The impact of hydraulic retention time on fouling rate, TOC removal and metals residuals
was evaluated. Longer HRT values significantly lowered the fouling rates for alum and
ferric chloride, however little impact was found for PACl. No impact of HRT on TOC
removals was found, however metals residuals were significantly affected by HRT in
some cases. Includes 4 references, tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 330 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 12 |
| Published : | 06/01/2006 |
