A 1-year demonstration testing program was conducted by the Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD) to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative treatment technologies for the removal of natural organic matter and precursors of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from a highly colored groundwater (High Color Water). The color and DOC of the High Color Water are approximately 180 cu and 11 mg/L, respectively. The color is caused mainly by high molecular weight humic materials. The treatment processes evaluated were combinations of enhanced coagulation, conventional ozonation, in-line ozonation, granular activated carbon (GAC), biological activated carbon (BAC), deep-bed filtration, and membranes (including nanofiltration and microfiltration). The results indicated that both enhanced coagulation and membrane separation can meet the target effluent quality. Enhanced coagulation (120 mg/L ferric chloride), flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration can meet Stage I and Stage II of the D/DBP Rule by using chloramines for secondary disinfection. Using microfiltration instead of sedimentation and filtration produced similar effluent quality. Nanofiltration using Nitto Denko NTR7450 membrane produced a permeate that can meet DBP MCLs of Stage II of the D/DBP Rule with chlorine. TTHMs and POX data showed very good correlation. POX, a faster and less expensive analysis than TTHMs, can be used to predict THM formation for the High Color Water studied.
| File Size : | 1
file |
| ISBN(s) : | 0898677750 |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 24 |
| Published : | 01/01/1994 |
