Empirical bromate formation models were developed from observed batch ozonation data to simulate the effects of important water quality characteristics and treatment processes on bromate formation. Bromate formation was favored at high pH, initial bromide concentration, alkalinity, and ozone dose. On the other hand, increasing DOC and ammonia concentration decreased bromate formation. The models also indicated that NOM isolated from different raw water sources by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane method has a strong influence on bromate formation upon ozonation of model solutions composed of different membrane isolate sizes. Both internal and external validation of bromate models demonstrated that the bromate modes predicted bromate formation well, which indicates that the empirical models can be used to approximate pilot or full scale conditions. Finally, the models indicated that ammonia addition and acid addition (pH depression) strategies can be used to control bromate formation.
| File Size : | 1
file |
| ISBN(s) : | 0898678331 |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 19 |
| Published : | 01/01/1995 |
