The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the virus removal process during direct filtration. The research was executed in two stages. In Stage 1, the virus removal efficiency during direct filtration was quantified, and the effect of water quality and operational parameters such as influent turbidity, virus concentrations, and media type were evaluated. Based on the results of Stage 1 the best media configuration was selected, which was used in Stage II, to evaluate the mechanism of virus removal, the effect of the changes in various water quality parameters (pH and DOC concentrations) and operational parameters (flocculation time, flow velocity, and changes in flow velocity) on virus removal was evaluated. Filter ripening following a backwash, and the extent of inactivation of viruses that are removed in the media during direct filtration were also investigated. The experimental approach involved using Ohio River water diluted with groundwater to simulate low turbidity (2-5 NTU) source waters appropriate for direct filtration. In Stage I, sand and dual media columns, with or without coagulation were used in the direct filtration mode to evaluate the removal efficiencies for particles, turbidity, and seeded MS-2 bacteriophages, and headloss development. In Stage II, the effect of operational and water quality parameters on MS-2, turbidity and particle removal were studied with dual media filters with precoagulation.
| File Size : | 1
file
, 170 KB |
| ISBN(s) : | 1583210016 |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 6 |
| Published : | 01/01/1999 |
