Chloramination of the drinking water at the City of Hamilton water treatment
plant was started in 1962 and plays a significant role in maintaining adequate
chlorine residuals throughout the extensive distribution system. The water
treatment plant practices primary disinfection using free chlorine and produces a
combined chlorine residual by the addition of aqua ammonia just prior to the
water entering the distribution system. When required, the chlorine residual in the
distribution system can be raised at eleven strategically located rechlorination
stations. This paper addresses the results of a study that was conducted to
determine the optimum operating procedures for the overall system. A
chloramination chemistry model was developed and used in conjunction with an
existing distribution system hydraulic model to evaluate the best operating
procedure for each rechlorination facility. Ammonia and chlorine levels were
selected to control nitrification issues. Extensive analytical testing of the water for
ammonia and chlorine residuals, during several seasons and at various locations in
the distribution system, was conducted to confirm the predictions from the
models. The outcome of the study is an integrated overall approach and includes
operational strategies needed at the water treatment plant and the rechlorination
stations to maintain the desired chlorine residuals throughout the distribution
system. Standard operating procedures for the rechlorination facilities were
developed to aid the operators and contain measures to prevent overdosing
chlorine, which could inadvertently cause a decrease rather than an increase in the
chlorine residual. The information provided will be useful for those considering
chloramination or for operating chloraminated systems where rechlorination is
needed. Includes 10 references, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 920 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 10 |
| Published : | 09/01/2007 |
