To understand the impact of water quality on distribution system hydraulic capacity, C-factor
(Hazen Williams Pipe Roughness Factor) testing, model calibrations and
evaluations were conducted and additional data were gathered from several sites
around the country. Pipe roughness testing was conducted during hydraulic model
calibrations to further assess the impact of varying C-values on distribution system
hydraulics. Water treatment processes and practices were evaluated in parallel to assess
their impact on distribution system hydraulics. Utilities that operate lime softening
systems, for example, with minimum re-carbonation showed susceptibility to low C-values
and thus lower distribution system carrying capacity.
The negative impact of water quality on distribution system hydraulics is becoming
increasingly important with higher energy costs and therefore, this is a critical part of
utility operations that should be carefully evaluated. This paper provides valuable data
from water distribution systems across the country where C-value data was collected and
evaluated against water treatment processes. Includes tables.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 310 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 26 |
| Published : | 11/01/2009 |
