A worldwide survey was conducted to obtain up-to-date
data on full-scale reverse osmosis (RO) and
nanofiltration (NF) water treatment plants using seawater,
brackish water, or reclaimed wastewater as
feedwater. Participation in the online survey was limited
to facilities with capacities greater than or equal to 1 mgd and dates of
startup or retrofitting later than 1990.
Survey results highlighted trends in pretreatment and
posttreatment, membrane characteristics, operation, costs,
residuals management, and regulations. Comments by
respondents directly involved in RO/NF plant operations
reflected the lessons learned from day-to-day experience.
Using the information summarized here, the industry can
identify the main constraints to the advance of RO/NF
technology, i.e., residuals disposals and management,
operations and maintenance costs, and focus efforts on
developing solutions. Facilities interested in incorporating
RO/NF in their treatment process can use this study as a
starting point to plan new projects or as a reference
against which to compare their own experience. Includes 21 references, table, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. 99 - No. 4 |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 760 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 12 |
| Published : | 04/01/2007 |
