This research elucidates the influence of natural
organic matter (NOM) characteristics and reactivity,
pH, chlorine-to-nitrogen ratio, disinfectant residual
concentration, and bromide concentration on
dihaloacetic acid (DXAA) formation during chloramination
in several diverse water sources. Analysis
of variance over a broad variety of experimental
conditions usually pointed to pH as being the most
significant factor in DXAA formation, followed by
bromide concentration. A shift in speciation to the
bromine-substituted species occurred as the bromide
concentration increased and the pH decreased. Temperature
and chloramine residual also affected
DXAA formation, but were much less influential
than other factors.
The effectiveness of treatment, which can have a
significant effect on DXAA formation, is largely related
to overall DOC removal, although preferential removal
of more-reactive NOM fractions also may contribute to
reduction of DXAA formation. The conclusions of this
research will help utilities make more-informed decisions
regarding the control of disinfection byproduct
formation while maintaining disinfection
requirements. Includes 26 references, tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. 99 - No. 9 |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 430 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 13 |
| Published : | 09/01/2007 |
