Health-based regulations drive up the cost of
treatment, but about 50% of system design capacity
is for irrigation and toilet flushing for which these
regulations are irrelevant. Using reclaimed water to
eliminate nonpotable demands reduces plant size,
and shifting fire protection to reclaimed water keeps
water residence time short in the potable lines to the
benefit of water quality. In dual distribution systems,
pipe diameters and water residence times are
reduced in potable water lines, resulting in less deterioration
in water quality. A case study community
shows the benefits and costs of integrating fire protection
into the nonpotable water lines in a dual
system. Although the financial barrier to adoption
of a dual distribution system is a challenge, this
article provides a template to assess the costs and
the benefits that will be useful to many water
utilities. Includes 30 references, tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. 101 - No. 2 |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 530 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 10 |
| Published : | 02/01/2009 |
