Although the cumulative energy use and costs from
the 18 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
is significant, it is much less than the amount of energy
typically used for pumping treated water through the
distribution system. This study was undertaken to not
only determine the cumulative energy use and costs
from these regulations, but also to further the understanding
of relationships between energy use and
utility operation and maintenance costs.
As advanced treatment technologies -- ozone,
ultraviolet light, and membranes, for example --
are increasingly incorporated into new plants
and plant upgrades, the energy required for
these advanced technologies must also be
incorporated into their lifecycle evaluation. The
information presented in this article will help
water utility managers gain a better understanding
of how these energy-intensive advanced
treatment technologies will increase operations
and maintenance costs in perpetuity. In addition,
utility operators will better understand the continual
need to optimize their energy use. Includes 31 references, tables.
| Edition : | Vol. 101 - No. 3 |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 790 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 12 |
| Published : | 03/01/2009 |
