Membrane softening and desalting processes, nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), are
becoming increasingly important as existing freshwater sources become saline, or new
alternative water sources become scarce. Water providers are selecting membranes because of
their lower cost trends and ability to treat hard, brackish, and seawater sources that other
conventional processes cannot. Water utility decision makers require meaningful and accurate
construction and operation and maintenance (O&M) cost data to determine the feasibility of
treating hard or saline water sources. Includes reference, table, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 220 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 7 |
| Published : | 03/05/2003 |
