This slide presentation outlines a comparison of two state-of-the-art water treatment plants (WTPs) designed eight years apart. The issues include: both towns have high levels of Fe and Mn;
staining with red or black material;
taste - metallic or vinyl;
appearance - color, oily appearance, crusty sheen
to water's surface;
may grow bacteria; and,
may cause slimes and clogging of water systems. Pilot studies were done on the
Littleton WTP from
November 1993 to January 1994 and from
February to March 1995, and on the
Franklin WTP from
June to July 2002. The
primary goal was to reduce Iron and Manganese:
Iron (Fe) < 0.3 mg/l, and
Manganese (Mn) < 0.05 mg/. The Littleton Pilot Study involved testing
three technologies that included:
ozone oxidation followed by membrane filtration;
manganese greensand adsorption; and,
oxide coated sand filtration.
All three alternatives reduced iron and
manganese to very low levels
- < 0.05 mg/l.
Only ozone/ultrafiltration met the secondary goals that included:
meeting possible future regulations;
minimizing quantities of residuals; and,
ease of operation as plant is un-manned part of day. The Franklin Pilot Study only examined oxidation followed by membranes.
Two membrane manufacturers participated in
the pilot trials that involved
ozone followed by membranes and
potassium permanganate followed by membranes.
Both iron and manganese were reduced to
<0.05 mg/l.
Franklin selected ozone followed by membranes for its treatment method. Includes tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 770 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 26 |
| Published : | 03/01/2007 |
