In the last decade the number of large-scale, greater than 1 mgd (4 Ml/d), water treatment
plants applying microfiltration or ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membranes has increased
rapidly, from one to almost 100 worldwide. Projects implemented in the first half of the
1990s decade generally applied MF/UF with minimal pretreatment, typically just a 200 to
500 micron prescreen. More recently, MF/UF membranes have been integrated with
additional operations. It is beneficial for utilities and engineers considering
implementation of membrane filtration to understand the increased range of treatment
objectives and, in some cases, lower life cycle costs, offered by integrating MF/UF with
more conventional processes. This paper discusses
methods for integrating MF/UF membranes into water treatment plants that include:
simple membrane filtration (with minimal pretreatment);
direct membrane filtration (coagulated-flocculated water to MF/UF);
coagulation-sedimentation (settled water to MF/UF);
lime softening; and,
integration with post-treatment, such as granular activated carbon (GAC), reverse
osmosis (RO) membranes, or ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection.
Specific projects are presented in the paper as examples to give a better understanding of how
membrane processes are being applied today. Includes 5 references, tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 730 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 11 |
| Published : | 11/02/2003 |
