The objective of this study was to evaluate pilot scale
advanced treatment processes to assess the removal efficacy after barriers that include: coagulation and flocculation; clarification; filtration; disinfection; and, the finished
product. Challenge testing evaluated the removal efficacy of clarification, granular media
filtration, and ultrafiltration. In all, eight challenges using waterborne microorganisms and
pathogen surrogates were performed using the processes: SuperP blanket clarifier, Actiflo
microsand ballasted clarifier, Granular dual media filters, and Zenon ZeeWeed 500-C ultrafilter.
Each process was challenged with pathogen surrogates including bacteria (E. coli),
bacteriophages (MS-2 & PRD-1), and 3mm latex beads (surrogates for Cryptosporidium
oocysts). Efficacy of removing background levels of bacteria and viruses was also evaluated.
Results indicated that the effectiveness was cumulative. The highest coliform removal was
observed after the clarifiers with between 2.3 and 2.7 Log<sub>10</sub> removed for both the Super Pulsator
and Actiflo systems. Clarifiers removed 3.5 and 3.3 log<sub>10</sub> of beads for Super Pulsator and
Actiflo, respectively. The media filtration steps downstream showed further coliform removal
with between 0.9 and 1.6 log removal for Super Pulsator and Actiflo, respectively. Bead
removals by the media filters were 2.9 and up to 3.8, respectively. Zenon ultrafiltration removed
up to 8.5 log<sub>10</sub> of the challenged beads and no coliforms were detected in the filtrate. These data
suggest that under proper conditions, all three treatment processes were effective at removing
coliforms and beads. Includes 11 references, tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 16 |
| Published : | 11/15/2004 |
