Throughout the United States (U.S.), a number of utilities have been impacted by arsenic,
perchlorate, and nitrate found in water supplies as more stringent regulations are being
implemented. Arsenic occurs naturally in the environment, and it is also widely used in timber
treatment, agricultural chemicals (pesticides), and manufacturing of gallium arsenic wafers,
glass, and alloys. Perchlorate contamination is typically associated with facilities that once
manufactured, handled, or stored ammonium perchlorate, a solid-rocket fuel, although other
sources have been suggested for the cases where there is no identified source of contamination
(Jackson et al. 2003). For nitrate, run-off from agricultural lands treated with nitrogen fertilizers
has been recognized as the main source of occurrence. The majority of the technologies for treating
these three contaminants produce a concentrated waste stream that requires special handling and
treatment prior to disposal. The disposal of these wastes can sometimes be very costly or not
viable depending on the local discharge regulations. Thus, in selecting treatment alternatives,
residuals discharge and disposal issues should be carefully considered in order to avoid
additional costs associated with handling residuals. Includes 33 references, tables.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 17 |
| Published : | 11/15/2004 |
