The objective of this study was to assess the effects of pH, alkalinity, and hardness on the
inactivation kinetics of MS2 phage with chlorine in synthetic and natural waters.
Experiments characterizing the inactivation of MS2 phage with free chlorine have been
performed at 20ºC in carbonate buffer solution (CBS), CBS spiked with hardness, and
natural surface waters containing hardness. Contrary to previous work conducted in
phosphate buffer solutions, no pH effect was observed in CBS or in natural waters. This
suggested that hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion have the same disinfection
efficacy in waters buffered by the carbonate system. Additionally, the presence of
calcium and magnesium at levels typical of natural surface waters of medium to high
hardness was found to enhance the inactivation kinetics of MS2 phage with free chlorine
by a factor of at least two. In 1 mM CBS, four logs of inactivation were achieved at a CT
value of 2 mg*min/L. In CBS spiked with 1.8 mM calcium or 1.8 mM magnesium, the
same inactivation was achieved at a CT value of less than 1 mg*min/L. This enhanced
rate of inactivation correlated well with that found in natural surface waters with the same
hardness levels. Additional experiments are being conducted to investigate similar
effects with monochloramine. Includes 7 references.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 150 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 5 |
| Published : | 11/01/2005 |
