Total organic carbon (TOC) present in source waters can be the precursor to the formation of
disinfection byproducts (DBP) when chlorine is added for disinfection. While ubiquitous to
most surface waters, TOC can also be present in some groundwater sources. Although the
treatment techniques applicable to TOC reduction/removal in surface waters can be used on
groundwater systems, their complexity and costs typically are factors that concern most
groundwater systems. The typical groundwater system is small, with limited staffing and
experience in operating complex water treatment processes.
In this case study, the authors present the results of pilot testing and implementation of an
anionic exchange resin process to remove elevated TOC from groundwater facilities in order to
reduce the DBP formation potential below the Stage 1 DBPR levels. Key information to be
presented will include preliminary engineering evaluations, results from bench scale and pilot
testing, critical issues for design and operation, costs (operational and capital), and full-scale
performance to date. The case study demonstrates that, for small systems with elevated TOC
levels, the application of an anionic exchange resin is a feasible, cost-effective alternative to be
considered along with other more complex TOC reduction/removal strategies. Includes tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 210 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 9 |
| Published : | 11/01/2007 |
