A research project was conducted with the objective of reducing the costs and energy
consumption for inland desalination with zero liquid discharge (ZLD). The project was
funded by AwwaRF and the California Energy Commission (CEC). The AwwaRF report,
Zero Liquid Discharge and Volume Minimization for Inland Desalination, will be issued
in 2007. In ZLD desalination, the concentrate is treated to produce desalinated water and
essentially dry salts, and there is no discharge of liquid waste from the site.
The technical approach involved treating the concentrate from a primary RO in a
fluidized bed crystallizer to remove recovery limiting salts, then passing the treated
concentrate through a secondary RO for further recovery. After the secondary RO, the
total recovery for most brackish water applications is expected to be 95 to 99 percent
using this approach.
The research methodology included computer modeling, bench-scale testing, and pilot-scale
testing. Testing was conducted on groundwater, surface water, finished water, and
reclaimed water provided by the project utility partners, City of Phoenix, Southern
Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), City of Scottsdale, Beverly Hills, and San Antonio
Water System (SAWS). It was estimated that treatment costs would be reduced by 48 to
67 percent at the five sites evaluated and that energy consumption would be reduced by
68 to 75 percent Includes 4 references, tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 240 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 11 |
| Published : | 11/01/2007 |
