In order to comply with the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) arsenic standard and the manganese and iron secondary maximum contaminant
levels (MCLs) in water (10µg/L, 50µg/L, and 300µg/L, respectively), many Midwestern
water utilities must add a strong oxidant before filtration to oxidize the reduced forms of
arsenic, manganese and iron. Free chlorine and permanganate are the two most common
chemical oxidants used to address arsenic, manganese, and iron issues. In the Midwestern United
States, engineering practices have traditionally favored the use of permanganate as the
oxidant of choice, followed by green sand filtration to remove manganese from source
waters. Most water treatment plant personnel, however, find permanganate undesirable to
use for a number of reasons, including: it stains everything it contacts; overdosing causes
"pink" water; under-dosing can cause manganese spikes; and, handling issues. There is a
real need to compare the effectiveness of chlorine and permanganate in manganese (and
arsenic) removal systems and, more importantly, to provide better guidance as to when
each oxidant is most appropriate to address an iron, manganese, and/or arsenic problem.
Observations from full-scale treatment plants are used to illustrate the appropriate
applications of chemical oxidants. Includes 2 references, table, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 750 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 5 |
| Published : | 11/01/2008 |
