The oxidation of bromide during drinking water treatment often results in the formation
of brominated disinfection products (DBPs) (Diehl et al. 1995; Heller - Grossman et al.
1999; Najm and Krasner 1995; Rebhun et al. 1990). For instance, the chlorination of
bromide-containing waters results in brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic
acids (HAAs). The Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule
established maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) of 80 and 60 µg/L for THM4 and
HAA5, respectively (USEPA 2006). The potential for regulation of individual THMs
and HAAs is expected to place more emphasis on the brominated DBPs, which are
considered to be more toxic than their chlorinated counterparts (Echigo and Minear 2006;
Plewa et al. 2002). During chloramination, bromide accelerates chloramine residual
demand/decay, possibly due to bromamine and bromochloramine formation (Gazda et al.
1993; Gazda and Margerum 1994; Trofe et al. 1980). Utilities disinfecting desalinated
seawater have observed significant increases in chloramine decay as well as increases in
brominated DBP concentrations. This paper details progress made on determining the
role of bromamines in DBP formation and chloramine stability as well as initial results
from a method to indirectly measure bromamine concentrations following
chloramination. Includes 25 references, tables, figure.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 850 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 10 |
| Published : | 11/01/2009 |
