Boiler Water Treatment Principles and Practice: Charts and Notes for Field Use PDF

Table of Contents:

• About the Author
• Saturated steam temperatures at various boiler pressures
• Boiler Energy and Power Units
• Typical gross heating values of common fuels (based on approximately 80% fuel to steam efficiency)
• Typical energy consumption and output ratings for a fire tube boiler
• Steam tables suitable for pressure deaerators
• Calculating Blowdown
• Coefficients of thermal conductivity for some heat-exchanger metals and boiler deposits
• Types of water or steam commonly employed in most HW heating and steam generating plants
• Commonly occurring minerals in natural MU water sources
• Specific waterside / steamside problems affecting MPHW and HPHW boiler plants
• Salt concentration indicators
• Summary of waterside / steamside problems affecting LPHW and LP steam heating boiler plants
• FW contamination from MU water
• FW contamination from returned condensate
• Problems associated with the final FW blend
• Deposition of boiler section waterside surfaces by alkaline earth metal salts, other inorganic salts and organics
• Silica and silicate crystalline scales and deposits affecting boiler section waterside surfaces
• Iron oxide and other boiler section corrosion debris deposits
• Boiler section corrosion problems involving oxygen, concentration cells and low pH
• Stress and high temperature related corrosion
• Steam purity, quality and other operational problems
• Specification for grades of high-quality water suitable for higher pressure WT boilers
• Practical considerations for a RW ion-exchange softener
• Types of Internal Treatment Program
• Carbonate Cycle Requirement Calculations
• Phosphate-Cycle Requirement Calculations
• A Guide to Tannin Residuals in BW
• Carbonate-Cycle Program. BW Carbonate Reserve Requirements by Pressure and Sulfate Concentration
• Carbonate-Cycle Coagulation and Precipitation Program. Recommended BW Control Limits for Non-Highly-Rated FT Boilers Employing Hard or Partially Softened FW
• Phosphate-Cycle Coagulation and Precipitation Program. Recommended BW Control Limits for Non-Highly-Rated FT Boilers Employing Hard, Partially Softened, or Fully Softened FW
• Phosphate-Cycle Coagulation and Precipitation Program. Recommended BW Control Limits for Non-Highly-Rated WT Boilers Employing Hard, Partially Softened, or Fully Softened FW
• Chelant demand (ppm product) per 1ppm substrate
• EDTA Chelant or All-Polymer/All-Organic Program. Recommended BW Control Limits for Fired WT Boilers Employing Demineralized or Similar Quality FW
• Oxygen Solubility at Atmospheric Pressure
• Properties of Oxygen Scavengers
• Carbon Dioxide Evolution from FW Alkalinity
• Amine Requirement to Reach a Stable Condensate pH
• Amine Basicity Dissociation Constants
• Neutralizing Amine Summary Notes
• Some DR values for CO2, NH3 and neutralizing amines at various pressures
• Calculating Alkalinity Feed-Rate Requirements
• ASME Consensus table 1: Suggested water chemistry limits. Industrial watertube, high duty, primary fuel fired, drum typeMakeup water percentage: Up to 100% of feedwater. Conditions: Includes superheater, turbine drives or process restriction on steam purity
• ASME Consensus table 2: Suggested chemistry limits. Industrial watertube, high duty, primary fuel fired, drum type
• ASME Consensus table 3: Suggested chemistry limits. Industrial firetube, high duty, primary fuel fired
• ASME Consensus table 4: Suggested water chemistry limits. Industrial coil type, watertube, high duty, primary fuel fired rapid steam generators
• ASME Consensus table 5: Suggested water chemistry limits. Marine propulsion, watertube, oil fired drum type
• ASME Consensus table 6: Suggested water chemistry limits. Electrode, high voltage, forced circulation jet type
• Reduction in heat transfer efficiency with increase in deposit thickness, where A = iron oxides and silica, B = iron oxides, C = calcium carbonate
• Notes

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