DANSK DS/ISO 3987 PDF

This International Standard describes a procedure for the determination of the mass percentage of sulfated ash from unused lubricating oils containing additives and from additive concentrates used in compounding. These additives usually contain one or more of the following metals: barium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, potassium, sodium and tin. The elements sulfur, phosphorus and chlorine can also be present in combined form. NOTE 1 For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms '%(m/m) and '%(V/V)' are used to represent the mass and volume fractions of a material respectively. Application of this procedure to sulfated ash levels below 0,02 % (m/m) is restricted to oils containing ashless additives. The lower limit of applicability of the procedure is 0,005 % (m/m) sulfated ash. This International Standard is not intended for the analysis of used engine oils containing lead, nor is it recommended for the analysis of non-additive lubricating oils, for which ISO 6245:1993 [1] is suitable. NOTE 2 There is evidence that magnesium does not react in the same manner as alkali metals in this procedure. If magnesium additives are present, the data should be interpreted with caution. NOTE 3 There is evidence that samples containing molybdenum can give low results, since molybdenum compounds are not fully recovered at the temperature of ashing. The sulphated ash may be used to indicate the concentration of known metal-containing additives in new lubricating oils. When phosphorus is absent, barium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium are converted to their sulfates and tin (IV) and zinc to their oxides (see Note 4 below). Sulfur and chlorine do not interfere, but when phosphorus is present with metals, it remains partially or wholly in the sulfated ash as metal phosphates. NOTE 4 Since zinc sulfate slowly decomposes to its oxide at the ignition temperature specified in the procedure, samples containing zinc may give variable results unless the zinc sulfate is completely converted to the oxide. NOTE 5 Fatty acids methyl esters(FAME) conforming to EN 14213 [2] and EN 14214 [3] when tested by this International Standard were shown to meet the precision of this International Standard.