ICAO 9994 PDF

FOREWORD

Airborne surveillance is rapidly evolving with a number of new capabilities planned for introduction into the flight deck. The ICAO Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP) (Doc 9750) requires that these be interoperable in order to allow aircraft to achieve the same levels of safety and efficiency globally. Airborne surveillance represents a shift in surveillance functionality from traditional ground-based sensors to a comprehensive suite of avionics which will support a range of new, demanding surveillance capabilities and applications. Aircraft position and other airborne parameters are/will be provided by the basic airborne surveillance capability, known as ADS-B OUT. This information is/will be used directly by other aircraft equipped with an advanced capability, known as ADS-B IN, to support both existing applications and some yet to be developed.

This manual introduces several airborne surveillance capabilities such as Basic Airborne Situational Awareness (AIRB), Visual Separation on Approach (VSA) and Basic Surface Situational Awareness (SURF) along with the In-Trail Procedure (ITP) application, which were introduced in the aviation system block upgrades (ASBUs) supporting GANP (fourth edition).

The ASBUs contain modules which rely on ADS-B Standards, both for ADS-B OUT (B0-ASUR: Initial capability for ground surveillance) and for ADS-B IN, which are the key enablers for airborne surveillance. Their evolution is described in specific threads related to Airborne Surveillance Applications (ASA) (B0-ASEP: Air traffic situational awareness (ATSA), to B2-ASEP: Airborne Separation (ASEP)), as well as airborne collision avoidance (B0-ACAS: ACAS improvements and B2-ACAS: new collision avoidance system).

Future airborne ADS-B IN applications which involve separation minima less than current radar separation standards may require changes in the Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS). Therefore, implementations of various airborne ADS-B IN applications are expected to be dependent on the availability for implementation of a new collision avoidance system.

For surface applications, it is pointed out that SURF and SURF-IA (B1-SURF: Enhanced safety and efficiency of surface operations – SURF, SURF-IA and enhanced vision systems (EVS)) are expected to complement A-SMGCS levels 1 and 2 (B0-SURF: Safety and efficiency of surface operations (A-SMGCS Levels 1-2)) and A-SMGCS levels 3 and 4 (B2-SURF: Optimized surface routing and safety benefits (A-SMGCS Levels 3-4 and synthetic vision systems (SVS)).

This manual has been developed by the Airborne Surveillance Task Force (ASTAF) that was established by ICAO in 2010 as a multidisciplinary team of experts for the timely development of ICAO provisions to ensure global uniformity and interoperability of operations based on the use of ADS-B on the flight deck. Three main objectives of this manual are as follows:

a) to support the implementation of ASA and the initial airborne surveillance capabilities for which some industrial solutions are already available and in operational use;

b) to present guidance material and references related to the standards and recommended practices (SARPs), the procedures for air navigation services (PANS) and relevant industry standards documents, i.e. safety, performance and interoperability requirements (SPR) and minimum operational performance standards (MOPS); and

c) to summarize and recapitulate within an ICAO document the main results of the work carried out in the air traffic management (ATM) community supported by ADS-B, which is recognized as an essential enabler of the ICAO global concept of operations.