LIA Z136.1-2007 PDF

The parent document and cornerstone of the Z136 series of laser safety standards, the revised ANSI Z136.1 (2007) provides guidance for the safe use of lasers and laser systems by defining control measures for each of the four laser classes.

As a result of advances in laser devices and applications, new guidelines have been incorporated into this 2007 revision. The new revision should be obtained by all laser end users and is a must for users of class 3B and 4 lasers as it renders all previous editions obsolete. Since the ANSI Z136.1 standard is the foundation of laser safety programs for industrial, military, medical, and educational applications nationwide, revisions to the previous version can and will affect the training and practice of laser safety in these environments. Changes to the previous version include the addition of new laser hazard classification definitions, new requirements for refresher training, and changes to medical surveillance requirements. The ANSI Z136.1 (2007) standard provides an updated and thorough set of guidelines for implementing a safe laser program.

In addition to these changes, the standard covers laser safety program provisions including the duties and responsibilities of the LSO, non-beam hazards, administrative/engineering control measures, definitions, optical density, nominal hazard zone (NHZ), MPEs, accessible emission limit (AEL), bioeffects, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and example calculations.

CONTENTS

1. General
1.1 Scope
1.2 Application
1.3 Laser Safety Program

2. Definitions

3. Hazard Evaluation and Classification
3.1 General
3.2 Laser Considerations
3.3 Laser and Laser System Hazard Classification Definitions
3.4 Environment in Which the Laser is Used
3.5 Personnel

4. Control Measures
4.1 General Considerations
4.2 Substitution of Alternate Control Measures (Class 3B or Class 4)
4.3 Engineering Controls
4.4 Administrative and Procedural Controls (Class 3B and Class 4)
4.5 Special Considerations
4.6 Protective Equipment
4.7 Area Warning Signs and Labels

5. Education and Training
5.1 General
5.2 Refresher Training
5.3 Trainer Qualifications
5.4 LSO Training
5.5 User Training

6. Medical Examinations
6.1 Examinations Following a Suspected or Actual Laser-Induced Injury
6.2 Medical Surveillance
6.3 General Procedures
6.4 Frequency of Medical Examinations

7. Non-Beam Hazards
7.1 General
7.2 Physical Agents
7.3 Chemical Agents
7.4 Biological Agents
7.5 Human Factors

8. Criteria for Exposures of Eye and Skin
8.1 Ocular Exposures From Point Sources and Extended Sources
8.2 MPE for Ocular Exposures
8.3 Special Qualifications for Ocular Exposures
8.4 MPE for Skin Exposure to a Laser Beam

9. Measurements
9.1 General
9.2 Point Source and Extended Source Measurements
9.3 Instruments

10. Revision of Standards Referred to in this Document
10.1 ANSI Standards
10.2 Other Standards and Codes

Tables

Figures

Appendix A - H

Index