AN-92-02-3 -- Measured Savings from Time of Demand-Based Temperature Controls on Service Water Heaters in Apartment Buildings PDF

States that multifamily buildings larger than 40 units commonly have a pump on the domestic hot water system that constantly circulates heated water through a piping loop. Such a system ensures continuous delivery of hot water, but high piping losses decrease overall efficiency. Describes how, to investigate the strategy of reducing system temperatures during periods of low demand, time-based and demand-based temperature controls were installed in three apartment buildings. The purpose was to assess savings potential, operation and tenant acceptability. Tests were conducted using an alternating mode design monitored by a computerised data acquisition system. States that this control strategy is worthwhile even in a relatively small building, this control strategy is worthwhile. Energy savings averaged 10.3% of domestic hot water heating for the time control and 16.2% for the demand control, with simply paybacks of 2.2 and 1.9 years respectively. The demand control was easier to operate and appears less likely to be overridden.

KEYWORDS: Flats, USA, controls, domestic, hot water supply, controls, temperature, experiment, energy conservation, testing