AN-92-12-3 -- District Heating and the Environment -- An Integrated Least-Cost, Least Environmental Impact Planning Method PDF

The city of Uppsala has applied a new planning method for integrated energy and environmental planning. With this integrated planning methodology, different energy supply scenarios can be studied, in particular their effect on the environment. As gaseous pollutants have mainly regional or, in the case of CO₂ and CFCs, global effects, it is obvious that although emissions from heat production can be treated within the boundary of a city, this is not all the case with electricity production. The "import" and "export" over the community border raises the question of emission accounting. This question is discussed as well as different strategies to lower total CO₂ emissions.

KEYWORDS: district heating, environment, planning, Sweden, air pollution, outdoor, carbon dioxide, electricity production, costs, economics, calculating