Cost-Benefit Performance of Photovoltaics and Battery Storage Systems to Secure Load Leveling and Peak Shaving in City Block PDF

In Japan, curving down wards energy consumption in business and commercial sectors, which is illustrated in the most probable scenario 2025, pilot projects for urban energy system reform have been carried out in Kitakyusyu, Yokohama, Kyoto and Toyoda. Therefore, in this study, the authors examine available potentials and expectable performance of packaged equipment of PV and BT in individual buildings or districtwide virtual sector for energy management. We proposed a pilot simulation model for evaluating the effect of different energy management units in the downtown or city center, paying attention to the maximum demand and the benefits of energy management. The developed model was applied to the Former Foreign Settlement in Kobe City, Japan. The authors reviewed the installed equipment capacities of PV or BT in social pilot research/development sites for urban off-grid energy system innovation as in the pilot project cities. The reference volume of BT is determined as in 850 kW for 22 ha, equivalent to PV capacity 850 kW in 22ha in highly developed downtown district. As a result, it is clear that 1) although a significant reduction effect would not be expected because the installed PV and BT capacity is only a little less than 2% of the maximum demand, the reduction amount relative to the installed PV and BT capacity is approximately 68%. 2) In this study, when the package of PV and BT installed up to the level greater than 0.25kW/100m2 (0.25kW/120 yd2), the monetary performance soft net saved cost attributable to the maximum demand reduction becomes slightly smaller. 3) We demonstrated the maximum demand reduction effect and that it is possible to guarantee a net benefit by operating energy management at a district level as spatial unit by means of applying this model to study area.