As efforts to decarbonize the built environment ramp up globally, a large focus is on electrification of systems that have heretofore provided services to buildings fueled by natural gas or other fossil fuels. The systems getting the most attention include space heating and domestic hot water heating. Heat pumps have been the primary technology that is promoted to address these electrification needs. Some stakeholders in extremely cold climates have reacted with rhetoric that suggests that heat pumps will not work for their needs, and, if they could, they would operate so inefficiently as to be inappropriate. Nothing could be further from the truth. This paper will discuss strategies for applying heat pump systems in ANY climate, and the system configurations that are available to ensure proper and reasonably efficient operation at any ambient temperature. These configurations will be based on real world examples and applications that have proven their efficacy. These configurations take advantage of readily available refrigeration technology, and application methods that are conventional around the world (i.e., proven sources for heat extraction including ambient air, exhaust air heat recovery, earth-sourced systems, and sewer water mining). This paper will also acknowledge the first cost issues that many of these configurations present, and discuss how to manage these costs in a carbon-constrained world.
| File Size : | 1
file
, 4.2 MB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 9 |
| Product Code(s) : | D-CCC23-36 |
| Published : | 2023 |
| Units of Measure : | Dual |
