This paper presents an improved upper bound technique for analysis of flow in converging extrusion dies. Die design is both an art and science. Extensive theoretical and experimental research has been carried out in the past to improve die design and the flow of material through it. The most widely used technique for flow analysis has been the finite element technique, slab method or the upper bound technique.
Information technology. Software measurement. Functional size measurement. Part 2: Conformity evaluation of software size measurement methods to ISO/IEC 14143-1:1998.