Part 1: Design Of Pressure Vessels For High Strain Rate Loading: Dynamic Pressure And Failure Criteria: Detonation-Induced Dynamic Pressure Loading in Containment Vessels
Vessels used to contain the effects of high explosions are designed in a wide variety of shapes, sizes and materials. Los Alamos National Laboratory has used spherical pressure vessels to conduct high-explosive detonation experiments for over 30 years. The military's explosives ordnance demolition (EOD) community uses pressure vessels to destroy aged conventional and chemical munitions. Issues associated with the differences between transient and static pressures and their influences on the structural response of these vessels are addressed in this report. These issues are illustrated by reference to an example spherical containment vessel for containing high explosives (HE), but the concepts are generally applicable to containment vessels of any shape or construction. In the past, design of these containment vessels was typically accomplished by maintaining that the vessel's kinetic energy, developed from the detonation impulse loading, be equilibrated by the elastic strain energy inherent in the vessel. Within the last decade, designs have been accomplished utilizing sophisticated and advanced computer codes that address both the detonation hydrodynamics and the vessel's highly nonlinear structural responses. Notwithstanding the past accomplishments, no industry design standard(s) or guidelines have ever been developed to address a complete and rational design philosophy for detonation impulse loading of a pressure vessel. Nevertheless, this document provides the basis for the nonlinear dynamic loading associated with HE detonations, the resulting nonlinear and highly complex vessel response, and the static loading associated with the residual quasi-static overpressure. Understanding the dynamic events under detonation conditions is the first step towards the development of rational pressure vessel design criteria. Ultimately, it is hoped that the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code will adopt a vessel design standard for HE detonations.
A subsequent WRC Bulletin will be issued on the general topic of safe design of containment vessels subjected to detonation-induced pressure loading covers the fracture-safe and fatigue design aspects of the general topic.
Part 2: Design Of Pressure Vessels For High Strain Rate Loading: Ductile Failure Criteria for Detonation-Induced Pressure Loading in Containment Vessels
Over the past 30 years, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), has been conducting contained high explosion experiments utilizing large, spherical, steel pressure vessels. Design of these spherical vessels was originally accomplished by maintaining that the vessel's kinetic energy, developed from the detonation impulse loading, be equilibrated by the elastic strain energy inherent in the vessel. Within the last decade, designs have been accomplished utilizing sophisticated and advanced computer codes that address both the detonation hydrodynamics and the vessel's nonlinear structural response. These vessels have been primarily designed for single-use application. The ductile failure methodology is founded upon the plastic tensile instability strain limit and ductile tearing initiation as the fundamental parameters for failure. Notwithstanding the past accomplishments, no industry design standards (such as the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code) or similar guidelines have ever been developed to address a complete and rational design philosophy and methodology for detonation impulse loading. Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) at Aldermaston in the United Kingdom has developed a successful design criterion for multiple-use pressure vessels. The AWE methodology uses the ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 3 rules, which is primarily developed for multiple-use application. Ductile failure design methodologies for both single-use and multiple-use applications are presented herein.
A subsequent WRC Bulletin will be issued on the general topic of safe design of containment vessels subjected to detonation-induced pressure loading covers the fracture-safe and fatigue design aspects of the general topic.
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| Number of Pages : | 72 |
| Published : | 2002 |
