1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing untreated paper to be used as an electrical insulator or as a constituent of a composite material used for electrical insulating purposes.
1.1.1 Untreated papers are thin, fibrous sheets normally laid down from a water suspension of pulped fibers (usually cellulosic) with or without various amounts of nonfibrous ingredients, and which are calendared, if required, to obtain desired thickness and density. Nevertheless, these test methods are applicable, generally although not invariably, to papers formed by other means, to papers modified (during or after formation) by additions, and to papers given subsequent mechanical treatments such as creping.
1.1.2 As an electrical insulating and dielectric material, paper is considered "untreated" until it is subjected to a manufacturing process such as drying, impregnation, or varnish treatment.
1.1.3 The test methods given herein were developed specifically for papers having a thickness of 0.75 mm (0.030 in.) or less. A number of these test methods are also suitable for use on other materials such as pulps or boards. Refer to Test Methods D3376 or D3394 to determine which tests are applicable to pulps or electrical insulating boards. In the paper industry, some products in thicknesses of less than 0.75 mm are termed "paperboard". Such products are included within the scope of these methods.
1.1.4 These test methods are applicable to flexible fibrous-mat materials formed from suspensions of fiber in fluids other than water. Thicknesses of these mats approach 2 mm, and the fibers contained are possibly natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; fillers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; and flexible polymeric binder materials.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:
Procedure Sections ASTM or TAPPI Reference
(Modified) Absorption (Rise of Water)
78 to
83 . . . Acidity-Alkalinity-pH
45 to
54 E70 Air Resistance
98 to
101 D726 Aqueous Extract Conductivity
55 to
64 . . . Ash Content
40 to
44 D586 Bursting Strength
102 to
107 D774/D774M Chlorides (Water-Extractable)
165 to
183 . . . Conditioning
15 D6054 Conducting Paths
138 to
151 . . . Density, Apparent
29 to
33 . . . Dielectric Strength
152 to
157 D149 Dimensions of Sheet, Rolls and Cores
16 to
24 D374 Dissipation Factor and Permittivity
158 to
164 D150 Edge-Tearing Resistance
126 to
130 D827 Fiber Analysis
74 to
77 D1030 Folding Endurance
108 to
110 T 423 and
D2176 Grammage
25 to
28 D646 Permittivity
158 to
164 D150 Heat Stability in Air
131 to
137 D827 Impregnation Time
84 to
91 . . . Internal-Tearing Resistance
121 to
125 D689 or T 414 Moisture Content
34 to
39 D644 and
D3277 Particulate Copper
193 to
202 . . . Particulate Iron
184 to
192 . . . Reagents
4 D1193 Reports
14 E29 Sampling
6 to
13 D3636 Silver Tarnishing by Paper and Paperboard
203 to
206 T 444 Solvent-Soluble Matter
65 to
73 . . . Surface Friction
92 to
97 D528 and T 455 Tensile Properties
111 to
120 D76,
E4 Thickness (see Dimensions)
16 to
24 D374 1.3 The tests for Holes and Felt Hair Inclusions and the Stain Test for Fine Pores, have been removed from this compilation of test methods. These test methods were specific to grades of capacitor paper formerly covered by Specification
D1930, which has been withdrawn.
Note 1: This compilation of test methods is closely related to IEC Publication 60554-2. Not all of the individual methods included herein are included in IEC 60554-2, nor are all of the methods in IEC 60554-2 included in this standard. The individual procedures as described in the two standards are in general sufficiently close to each other that it is reasonable to expect that test results obtained by most of the procedures specified in either standard will not differ significantly. However, before assuming that a procedure in these test methods is exactly equivalent to an IEC 60554-2 procedure, the written procedures must be compared closely, and if it seems advisable, test results by the two procedures are compared.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 43.2.1, 71.1, 143.1, 148.1 and 156.1 for specific hazards.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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| Published : | 05/01/2023 |
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