Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are susceptible to fouling; therefore,
pretreatment is needed to control colloidal, organic, biological fouling and scaling.
Pretreatment processes combined with a conventional nanofiltration or reverse osmosis
are named Integrated Membrane Systems (IMSs).
Before an IMS can be implemented successfully, strategies to control membrane fouling
must be evaluated. To investigate how to reduce fouling onto nanofiltration (NF) and
reverse osmosis (RO) membranes to an acceptable level, IMSs using different surface
water pretreatments were tested on a pilot plant scale in comparison with a conventional
membrane system for anaerobic groundwater:
pretreatment using coagulation, sedimentation, filtration (CSF) followed by slow
sand filtration (SSF) or CSF, biological activated carbon filtration (BAC)
followed by SSF;
pretreatment based on soil passage such as canal filtration and river bank filtration
(RBF) or RBF followed by aeration and rapid sand filtration (RSF);
pretreatment based on CSF and/or microfiltration (MF) and/or ultrafiltration (UF).
In addition to system productivity and fouling assessment the research was focussed on:
disinfection assessment including integrity monitoring;
DBP-precursor removal; and,
SOC removal, inorganics removal, biological stability, corrosivity and costs.
In addition to the pilot plant research the suitability of laboratory testing was pursued and
a protocol for IMS studies was developed.
The American work effort for the IMS project consisted of conducting pilot operations at
the Irvine Ranch Water District, and East St. Louis, conducting operations analysis of a
full-scale IMS at Fort Myers, modeling pilot and full-scale IMS performance using
laboratory generated data and developing an IMS protocol.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 550 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 7 |
| Published : | 06/17/2005 |
