Most surface water treatment systems include single-media or dual-media (sand and anthracite)
gravity filtration as the final particle removal process. Conventional gravity filters are designed to
operate at filtration rates anywhere between 6 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>/h and 12 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>/h. With the latest revision
of the turbidity limits requiring a reading of less than 0.3 NTU and particle (>2 µm) limits of less
than 50 counts per mL, some filtration facilities have difficulty in producing regulatory-compliant
water. In addition, when it is time to expand the treatment facility to accommodate increasing
treated water demands, the owners have to choose to either add more filter cells or to replace
the media filters with more costly membrane filtration equipment.
This paper presents a modified concept of deep bed filtration that meets the water quality and
quantity upgrade requirements for retrofitting existing filters, pilot study results, and the design
consideration of deep-bed filter conversion for two water treatment facilities in Alberta, Canada.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 6.5 MB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 51 |
| Published : | 06/01/2007 |
