This research was undertaken to identify the residual
risk of Cryptosporidium infection, even with ultraviolet
(UV) disinfection, and provide rational guidance
for the application of mitigation measures to maximize
UV disinfection system reliability and maintain compliance
with the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR). The most significant
findings include: seemingly minor increases in UV disinfection
system downtime significantly reduce the net
disinfection credit; the LT2ESWTR allowance for
5% off-specification operation is too lenient for filtered
water systems in bins 3 and 4 and unfiltered surface
water systems; and, power quality mitigation measures
are recommended except in certain bin 2 cases.
Recommended steps to increase UV disinfection
system reliability include providing redundant equipment,
standby power, active series compensators, and
an uninterruptible power supply. By following the
guidance suggested, utilities can more effectively plan,
design, build, operate, and finance UV disinfection
systems to ensure maximum reliability and LT2ESWTR
compliance. Includes 8 references, tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. 99 - No. 4 |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 150 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 8 |
| Published : | 04/01/2007 |
