Given the many reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane plants in service in
the United States and elsewhere, and the continuing rapid growth of the technologies for
municipal water supply, one would think that proven, no-risk post-treatment process design
and operation after construction and commissioning would be very routine. However, there
have been a number of cases where improper product water post-treatment design has
resulted in significant water quality problems in the distribution system, such as corrosion
(e.g. red water), precipitation (e.g. turbidity), loss of proper disinfectant residual, and other
problems. Post-treatment processes can vary widely based on the specific application and
location, membrane system permeate water quality, ability for membrane bypass/blending,
materials of construction and condition of existing distribution system, water quality from
other water supply sources, potential for blending at the treatment facility and in the
distribution system, and finished water quality goals. This paper discusses the types of
post-treatment process facilities and chemicals commonly being used today and the design
approach that should be used for proper evaluation and selection of the post-treatment
alternatives.
Includes tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 390 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 12 |
| Published : | 03/01/2005 |
