This paper presents
a survey of operational performance and cost data from the operation of six utilities on the western shore of Lake Michigan. These membrane filtration plants are located
in Lake Forest, Illinois, and in five cities in Wisconsin including Kenosha, Manitowoc (2 different
membrane systems), Racine, South Milwaukee, and Two Rivers. They all use Lake
Michigan as their source water which is extremely cold (as low as 0.5ºC) with low turbidity and low
TOC; yet, a surge in turbidity (10 to 20 times the average) can take place based on wind
strength and direction. Despite utilizing common source water, these plants represent a diverse array of
membrane treatment strategies that include microfiltration and ultrafiltration pore size,
pressure and submerged configurations, a range of pretreatment strategies, and a range of
treatment capacity from 4 to 50 million gallons per day. These systems also cover a range in
membrane technologies, including some of the earliest large-scale membrane filtration
systems in Kenosha and Manitowoc, as well as the most recent submerged membrane
technology at the new Manitowoc treatment plant. This paper compares the operational costs of the systems, including labor, power,
chemicals, membrane replacement, residuals, and miscellaneous costs, and highlights the
impacts of pretreatment and membrane systems. This comparison provides
information for benchmarking membrane plants and highlights important similarities and
differences that can be used for planning and budgeting. Included is a comparison
between the costs of the membrane plants with the conventional plants that they replaced. Includes abstract only.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 690 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 2 |
| Published : | 11/01/2009 |
