The objectives of this paper are to increase the awareness of the secondary impacts that can occur when enhanced coagulation (EC) or enhanced softening (ES) are implemented, and to provide guidance on developing mitigation strategies for these impacts. Secondary impacts due to EC or ES can occur throughout the treatment process. Six categories of impacts were identified: inorganic contaminant control, corrosion control, primary disinfection, disinfection byproduct formation, particle/pathogen removal and residual handling. In each category, specific impacts were identified. For each specific impact, characteristics and occurrence factors were documented. Also, mitigation flow charts were developed for each of the impacts. Case studies of utilities that have experienced these impacts are given.
| File Size : | 1
file |
| ISBN(s) : | 0898679796 |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 26 |
| Published : | 01/01/1998 |
