The objective of this research is to incorporate a backwash in a standardized
small scale laboratory test in order to distinguish between the cake build up during
filtration and the remaining fouling after repeated backwashes. The research is part
of AWWARF Project 2952. In this project the results of natural organic matter (NOM) characterization,
bench scale tests and pilot tests are compared in order to discover
parameters which are useful in full scale situation and in optimization. The Kiwa-test (mini-UF test) uses rather simple and inexpensive equipment which mimics the filtration and backwash cycles of the full-scale and pilot plants. The
equipment uses a four-way-valve to switch between filtration and backwash. On the
permeate-side of the membrane a storage of about 35 ml is used to store permeate
for the backwash. The pump is a piston pump with two 50 ml syringes. One syringe
is filling and one is emptying all the time. The pump provides a constant flow
independent from the resistance of the ultrafiltration membrane. The flow is free of
pulses. The module uses is a small module potted by Filtrix with commercial
capillaries from different companies. The membrane surface area is about 0.0125
m<sup>2</sup>. The modules are inexpensive (about 25 euro) so they can be disposed after
each measurement. A typical experiment lasts for 6 hours. The flux during the
experiment is high (120 l/(m<sup>2</sup>.h)) to observe fouling during this
short period. The backwash flux is the same because the pump-velocity is not
changed during an experiment. The water is pre-filtered over a 1.2 micron filter. The
pressure is measured as a function of time. About 15 liters of water is used for one
experiment. The temperature is always 20 ºC. Includes 4 references, tables, figures.
| Edition : | Vol. - No. |
| File Size : | 1
file
, 620 KB |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 7 |
| Published : | 11/01/2005 |
