3227 -- A New Approach for Designing Heating Panels with Embedded Tubes PDF

A new procedure for designing hydronic panels with embedded tubes is presented. This new method is based on a semi-analytical correlation between the heat output per unit length of the embedded tube and other physical and geometric parameters. Both the heat output and the critical parameters, which include tube spacing, tube cover thickness, and equivalent heat transfer coefficient, are in terms of nondimensional numbers. The overall panel is treated as an extended heat exchanger, and the total heat output from the panel is calculated by integrating the local heat output over the total stretched tube length. The accuracy of this new method was checked by experimental data and good agreement was found.