To treat groundwater that is hard with high color and natural organic content, the Palm Beach County Water Utilities Department pilot tested a membrane softening water treatment plant. This paper briefly summarizes the technical reasons for using membrane technology. The author focuses on color, total organic carbon, trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), and total organic halogen formation potential (TOXFP). The pilot and full scale plant analysis for disinfection byproducts for softening membrane technology shows THMFP levels below 50 ppb in all circumstances evaluated. Actual distribution of THM levels would be significantly lower with the use of chloramines and at contact times of less than seven days. The relative costs of lime softening, lime softening with ozonation, lime softening with ozonation and granular activated carbon, and membrane technology were evaluated. A table gives comparative data.
| File Size : | 1
file |
| ISBN(s) : | 0898675901 |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 11 |
| Published : | 01/01/1991 |
