One of the main parameters that is adjusted to calibrate pipe network simulation models is the C factor, which is a measurement of internal friction. Though most hydraulic texts and handbooks give average values for new pipes made from various materials, it is more difficult to estimate C values for old pipes. This paper reviews methods for estimating how time and water quality affect C factors. It concludes with a case study from the McCord well field of the Memphis Light, Gas, and Water system. This paper shows the equations used and explains the rationale for a C value for older pipe. The application of this method of estimating C factors proved to be very successful.
| File Size : | 1
file |
| ISBN(s) : | 0898676665 |
| Note : | This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus |
| Number of Pages : | 7 |
| Published : | 01/01/1993 |
